广州地区鸟类资源本底调查及其整体特征分析

Baseline Survey and Holistic Characters of Bird in Guangzhou,China

城市化的迅速发展对生态环境和生物多样性产生重要影响。广州作为大都市,对其动物资源的本底调查和研究,可为了解和掌握城市化进程对生物多样性的影响提供重要依据。2005年4月至2006年12月,应用固定样带法对广州地区鸟类资源进行了6次大规模调查。结果如下：（1）共记录到鸟类251种,隶属于18目54科,占全国鸟类物种数（1331种）的18.86%。其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物1种、Ⅱ级重点保护动物22种,新记录到鸟类116种;（2）从居留类型看,留鸟123种,冬候鸟88种,夏候鸟37种,旅鸟38种,迷鸟8种;（3）在4个调查区中,森林区鸟类物种数最多,为164种,且Shannon指数最高,为3.395;沿海湿地区最低,物种数为105种,Shannon指数为2.407;城市区和农田灌丛区物种数分别为116种和147种,Shannon指数分别为3.008和3.250;（4）季节上,3月物种数最多,有130种,6月最少,有90种,9月和12月分别是102种和126种。12月物种多样性指数最低,只有2.424,其他月份差异不大,在3.550-3.650之间。结果表明：（1）广州地区鸟类资源丰富,综合各类调查数据估计,广州地区的鸟类种数可达300种左右;（2）大规模的长期性系统调查对掌握和认识区域性生物多样性本底资源尤为重要,而该类调查的缺乏应引起足够的重视;（3）广州地区鸟类在不同区域和时间上表现出明显的差异性,说明城市化影响已开始显现;（4）广州是候鸟的重要分布区,在候鸟的保护上具有重要地位。

Bird resource of Guangzhou was surveyed in four sampling region along fixed line transects from April,2005 to December,2006.Totally,251 bird species were recorded belonging to 54 families and 18 orders.It took up 18.86% of the bird species recorded in China.Of which,22 birds are listed as grade Ⅱ key state-protected species,and one as grade Ⅰ key state-protected species.One hundred and twenty three birds are residents,88 are winter visitors,37 are summer visitors,38 are passage migrants and 8 are vagrant visitors.Among four sampling regions,forestry region has the highest bird species（164）with a highest Shannon-Wiener index（3.395）,while wetland region has the lowest species（105）and Shannon-Wiener index（2.407）.City region has 116 bird species and Shannon-Wiener index is 3.008.Farmland and scrub region has 147 birds and Shannon-Wiener index is 3.250.The species richness is highest in March（130）and lease in June（99）,and 102 and 126 in September and December respectively.Shannon-Wiener index is lowest（2.424）in December,and similar（3.550-3.650）among other months.Hence,we concluded that：（1）Guangzhou has high richness in bird species.The bird list of Guangzhou could be over 300 species combining the expert knowledge and other information resource.（2）Systematic survey in a large scale is important for the understanding of biodiversity in a region.However,it is so rare at present.This situation it should be considered.（3）The difference of bird diversity among four regions and seasons shows that birds had affected by urbanization in Guangzhou.（4）Guangzhou is one of important regions for migrant birds in China.