播期和收获期对水稻“丰两优1号”品质的影响

Influence of Sowing and Harvest Dates on Protein,Amino Acid Contents of Milled Rice Grains of Rice Variety Fengliangyou No.1

通过杂交中籼丰两优1号的分期播种和分期收获试验,分析了播期和收获期对稻米品质的影响。结果表明,不同播期和收获期稻米蛋白质组分谷蛋白、谷氨酸含量均有显著差异,总蛋白含量随播期推迟而递减,随收获期的延迟而递增;氨基酸含量与总蛋白含量的变化趋势一致。由于播期和收获期不同造成水稻生育期气象条件差异从而影响到稻米品质发生变化,偏相关分析结果显示,清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白及蛋氨酸含量受各气候生态因子的影响小,总蛋白、谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸等性状易受气候生态因子的影响。综合试验结果得出,丰两优1号组合在温州地区可选择5月26日播种,灌浆期日平均气温25.07℃,生育期130d左右,其稻米的整精米率、总蛋白及其组分谷蛋白和氨基酸组分(除蛋氨酸)含量高,营养品质较好。

Based on the experiment on hybrid rice variety Fengliangyou No. 1 with different sowing and harvest dates, the effects of sowing and harvest dates on rice quality were analysed. The results showed that protein component of glutenin and glutamic acid contents were significant at 5% or 1% level between different sowing and harvest dates. With the sowing date postponed, total protein contents of rice decreased, while with the harvest date postponed, total protein contents increased. The change pattern of amino acid was same as that of total protein. The relatively important climate factors upon the main quality traits were analysed. The results showed that albumin, globulin, gliadin and methionine acide were stable to climate, while the total protein, glutamic acid and asparagines acid were sensitive to climate. In Wenzhou region, the sowing date of variety Fengliangyou No. 1 could be chosen at on May 26^th. The daily mean air temperature was about 25.07℃ during filling stage. The whole growing period was about 130 days. Under these conditions, the milling quality, especially head milled rice recover, the protein and its component glutenin and amino acid （except methionine） content were high and the nutrition quality of rice was better.