日粮能量水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

Effects of Diet Energy on Reproduction Performance of Layer

选用8周龄共360只体重相近的海兰褐壳蛋鸡,采用单因素随机试验,在蛋鸡采食其它营养成分相同的情况下,配制不同梯度的能量饲料,研究不同能量水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:随着能量水平的提高,见蛋日龄提前。但见蛋后,高能I组和低能Ⅱ组产蛋率上升较慢。随着能量的降低,到达产蛋率峰值的时间推迟,峰值以对照组最高,低能组居中,高能组最低。峰值后,高能I组产蛋率迅速下降到35周龄的4.29%,高能Ⅱ组下降到46周龄的13.57%,而其它各组在37周龄前维持较高的产蛋率70%左右,到46周龄仍维持在41%以上。其平均产蛋率为对照组>低能I组>低能Ⅱ组>高能Ⅱ组>高能I组。22周龄前,体重随能量水平的增加而提高。28周龄各组体重均达到峰值,峰值后,除高能Ⅱ组体重基本平稳外,对照组、低能I组和低能Ⅱ组体重逐渐降低,而高能I组体重却迅速下降。除高能I组蛋重明显低于其它各组,且变化曲线不规律外,其它各组符合蛋重的变化规律。蛋鸡存活率以高能组最低,低能组居中,对照组最高。腹脂率随能量水平的升高而提高,以高能I组最高达差异显著水平(P<0.05),高腹脂与低产蛋率相关。

360 Hy-Line layers at 8 week-old were used to determine the effects of diet energy on production performance of layer under 5 different diet energy levels. The results indicated that high energy level led to ahead of the day to first egg. Laying rates of high energy Ⅰand low energy Ⅱ increased slow after first egg. With the decrease of energy level the time to laying peak was delayed. The order of laying peak value from high to low was control group, low energy group and high energy group. Compared with other groups, laying rates in high energy group Ⅰ and Ⅱ descended rapidly, which reached 4.29% at 35 week-old and 13.57% at 46 week-old respectively. Laying rates in other groups maintained higher level of 70% before 37 week-old and over 41% until 46 week-old. The order of laying rates from high to low was control group, low energy group and high energy group. Before 22 week-old, with the increase of energy level body weight in- creased. Body weight of all groups reached peak at 28 week-old. After peak, body weight of control, low energy Ⅰ and low energy Ⅱ group descended gradually, while body weight of high energy group descended rapidly. Egg weight of high energy group was lower than other groups, but its change curve of egg weight was not as regular as other groups. The order of layer survivability from high to low was control group, low energy group and high energy group. Percentage of abdominal fat of the layer increased with the increase of energy level. Significant negative correlations of the abdominal fat percentage with laying rate were obtained.