农产品安全风险评估方法及应用探讨

Discussion on Methods of Agricultural Product Risk Assessment and Its Application

风险评估是解决当前农产品质量安全问题的科学依据。农产品安全风险评估主要针对农、畜、水等产品中化学和生物危害。针对化学和生物两种不同危害风险评估过程,分析了危害识别、危害描述、暴露评估、风险描述四步工作需要考虑的具体因素和采用的具体方法。探讨了许多国家和组织建立相应机构或委员会并应用浓度模型、预测微生物学技术、Monte-Carlo模拟等方法开展化学和生物危害风险评估的情况。结合中国风险评估技术基础薄弱的特点,提出中国应重点在机制建设、监测数据积累、预测模型方面进行研究。

Risk assessment is scientific instrument to solve current safety problems of agricultural products. Agricultural product risk assessment is to assess risks of chemical and biological hazards in plant products, livestock products and aquatic products. Different detailed factors and methods should be considered for chemical risk assessment and biological risk assessment while we are following the four steps： hazard identification, hazard characteristic, exposure assessment, and risk characteristic. It is discussed that how the tools of concentration model, predictive microbiological technologies, Monte-Carlo simulation and so on are applied to conducted chemical and biological risk assessment by many international organizations and foreign country agencies. In China, the basic conditions for risk assessment are not good. Thus, the emphasis of related studies should be focused on mechanism establishment, laboratorial data collection and predictive model building.