陆海种间杂交铃重和衣分的遗传及其F_1群体优势分析

Heterosis and Genetic Analysis of Boll Weight and Lint Percentage of Interspecific Hybrid of G.hirsutum L.× G.barbadense L.

以4个陆地棉品种(系)和3个海岛棉品种为亲本配制不完全双列杂交组合12个,采用包括基因型×环境互作的加性-显性(AD)遗传模型,通过对亲本和F1的2年随机区组试验数据分析,结果为:铃重和衣分都存在极显著的加性效应和显性效应,其加性效应和显性效应与环境的互作都很小。铃重以加性效应为主,为54.3%,显性效应相对较小,为21.6%。衣分主要由加性效应和显性效应共同控制,其加性效应和显性同等重要,分别是43.8%和49.8%。铃重的狭义遗传率和广义遗传率分别为54.3%和75.8%,衣分的狭义遗传率和广义遗传率分别为43.8%和93.6%。铃重和衣分F1均具有显著的负向群体平均优势和群体超亲优势,F1铃重小于中亲值,偏向低亲值;F1衣分小于中亲值,接近或小于低亲值。在利用海岛棉的优异性状时,要考虑亲本材料的选择,要考虑到其性状遗传方式的特点,在进行陆海杂交、高代回交辅助选择时必须考虑性状的遗传效应。铃重可以在早世代进行选择,衣分应在中期世代选择效果较好。

12 F1s combinations crossed with 4 G. hirsutum L. varieties （lines） and 3 G.Barbadense L. varieties according to incomplete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll-weight and lint-percentage traits of interspecific hybrid of G. hirsutum L. × G .barbadense L. in 2003 and 2004 by the genetic model of additive-dominance and their interactions with environments by MINQUE （1） approaches. The results indicated that there existed extremely significant additive effects and dominant effects and small interactions with the environmental factors for boll-weight and lint-percentage traits. Bollweight was controlled mainly by additive effects （54.3%） and dominant effects （21.6%）was comparatively smaller. Lint-percentage were controlled by additive effects and dominant effects all together, 43.8% and 49.8%, respectively. The additive inheritance rate and broad inheritance rate was 54.3% and 75.8%, respectively, for boll-weight and 43.8% and 93. 6%, respectively, for lint-percentage. The results showed that it was good for boll-weight to be selected in early generation and for lint-percentage to be selected in middle generation. The population mean heterosis of boll-weight and lint-percentage expressed significant negative heterosis. Boll weight and lint percentage were smaller than mean of parents, tending to G .barbadense L.parents for boll weight and near to G .barbadense L. parents for lint percentage, When. super. traits of G.barbadense L. were utilized, Parents materials, selecting and ways of inheritance of traits should be considered.