荚果蕨人工繁育技术研究

Study on Artificial Breeding of Matteuccia struthiopteris

人们对野生荚果蕨的长期、大量采摘,使其正面临着资源萎缩、减少,产量呈下滑的趋势,为了保持和培育该物种资源,于2004—2006年进行了荚果蕨人工繁育技术研究。在实验室人工气候箱内进行,采用互比法3次重复,通过人工控制光照、温度、水分和基质等生态因子,试验观测对荚果蕨孢子萌发、原叶体出现、配子体形成孢子体及其形成孢子体率的影响,试验结果:配子体形成孢子体率,在4种基质中,土壤为52%,蛭石为33%(见表1,图2);在遮光情况下,透光率在28.1%至全光照的光照强度区间范围内对荚果蕨繁育有利(见表2,图4);平均温度20～24℃条件下,孢子体出现时间、数量,配子体形成孢子体率明显优于平均温度12℃的处理(见表3,图6);土壤水分<20%孢子不萌发,原叶体生长速度和配子体形成孢子体率依次:水分45%>40%>35%(见表4,图8)。

Due to overexploitation, the resource and production of wild Matteuccia struthiopteris are faced the trend of decreasing and descending. In order has conducted Matteuccia struthiopteris artificial to conserve and breed this decreasing resource, the author breeding engineering research in 2004 - 2006. The influ- ence of illumination, temperature, moisture and matrix on Spore germinating, prothallium appearing, process and rate of gametophyte growing into sporophyte of Matteuccia struthiopteris were studied with the controlled methods of climatic cabinet, the result showed that： The rate of gametophyte growing into sporophyte is 52% in soil Matteuccia struthiopteris, 33% in vermiculite Matteuccia struthiopteris respectively. It is ben- efited for the breeding of Matteuccia struthiopteris at the range of 28.1% to full illumination. The appearing time, the number of sporophyte and the rate of gametophyte growing into sporophyte in the range of 20℃ to 24℃ is prior to the mean temperature of 12℃. Regarding to the soil moisture, the growing speed of prothal lus and the rate of gametophyte growing into sporophyte are both at the decreased range of 45%〉40%〉35%, furthermore, the spore does not generate when the soil moisture is lower than 20%.