生态系统概念探讨

Discussion about Concept of Ecosystem

生态系统已经成为生态学研究中最为重要的概念之一,但在应用中却因研究者、研究对象等的不同而定义出不同的内涵,在表述中又统一于Tansly的定义,使得同一个"生态系统"代表不同的概念。为明确生态系统概念的内涵与外延,该文以形式逻辑学、集合论为基本思维工具,结合生态系统与一般系统的种属关系,总结生态学中的应用实例,并深入分析环境、边界等概念,认为:Tansly提出的"生态系统"定义存在逻辑错误,不符合系统论中"系统存在于环境中"的判断,因而不能明确表述研究对象;在个体、种群、群落、景观、生物圈中不存在生态系统这一层次,它们都是生态系统的外延;生态系统即生态学系统,生态学的研究对象本身就是生态系统,不能将环境纳入生态系统之内,虽然生态系统不能脱离环境而独立存在。

Ecosystem have become the most important concept in the ecology research, but the differ in researcher, object define different connotation, it was united for concept of Tansly in statement to make same ＂ ecosystem＂ stand for different concept. In order to difine the connotation and extension of ecosystem. By using form logic ,set theory as basic thought tool, combined with species and genus relation of ecosystem and general system,concluded applanced examples and deeply analysed concept of environment and boundary etc, so concluded that the ＂ecosystem＂ that was difined by Tansly is erroneous in logic,be unconformable to judgment which system exist in environment in system theory,as a result it can not surely state researching object;ecosystem level does not exist in individual,population,community,landscape and biosphere,all of which are extension of ecosystem;ecosystem also called ecology system,researching object itself in ecology is ecosystem,environment can not bring into ecosystem,although ecosystem can not depart from environment and exist alone.