中国传统文艺批评的论诗标准是“重视所谓‘实’以及相联系的风格”吗——读钱锺书《中国诗与中国画》献疑

Does the Poetry Standard in Traditional Chinese Literary Criticism Attach Importance to "Shi" and the Related Styles——Some Questions After Reading Chinese Poem and Chinese Painting by QIAN Zhong-shu

钱锺书有关中国传统文艺批评论诗标准的推断,依据了一个虚假的隐含前提:众人推崇杜诗都遵守一种标准——重视所谓"实"以及相联系的风格,并进而由此将这一标准推断为整个中国传统文艺批评的论诗标准。这一推断似乎过于简单片面而让人生疑,因为钱氏似乎有意无意地忽略和回避了中唐以后文艺批评家在推尊杜诗的标准问题上,实际存有的差异性、冲突性和复杂性。同时,作为一位学贯古今、治学严谨的大学者,他为了证实其上述推断,强调中国传统文艺批评对诗和画的标准互为对立,在有关严羽和王士祯的论述中,竟然违背中国传统文艺批评史上的基本事实,出现了一些明显的简单偏颇之处。而所有这些,又让人对其文章结论的学术严谨性产生怀疑。

QIAN Zhong-shu＇ s inference about the poetry standard in traditional Chinese literary criticism is only based on an implied false premise： all people respect DU Fu whose poems comply with the standard of emphasizing ＂Shi＂ , and hence regarding it as poetry standard of the entire traditional Chinese literary criticism. The inference seemed to be too one-sided and simple and easy to cause some doubts because it seemed that QIAN Zhong-shu intentionally or unintentionally overlooked and avoided the standard issue of DU Fu＇ s poetry questioned by some literary critics after mid-Tang. There were real differences, conflicts and complexities about the poetry standard. At the same time, as a great scholar who knows both ancient and modem, he stressed that the standard of poetry is against the standard of painting in order to confirm the above inference. As for the discussion about YAN Yu and WANG Shizhen, it seems that QIAN even contradicted the basic facts of the traditional Chinese literary criticism history and there were some obvious simple bias. And all these have made people doubtful of his conclusion in his article.