高压处理对大豆农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

Effects of High Pressure Treatment on the Agronomic Characters,Yield and Quality of Soybean

以大豆种子"开交8157"为材料,以氮气为传压介质,在20MPa高压下处理4h,用未经处理的大豆种子为对照,在相同自然条件下播种培育。通过对两组大豆(各100株)全生长过程的观察,以及对大豆籽粒产量和主要营养成份的检测对比,初步研究了高压处理大豆种子对其农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果显示,加压组的平均单株籽粒产量提高了30.6%,t检验表明,在99%的置信水平上,两组大豆单株产量有显著性差异;加压组大豆的四种主要营养成分(不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、粗脂肪和粗蛋白)均朝着有利于提高品质的方向变化。此外,在加压组中还发现一株大豆的籽粒产量明显提高,与加压组平均单株籽粒产量相比,增加了204.48%。研究结果表明,高压处理种子是提高大豆产量和品质的一种有效的新方法。

In recent years, research on the mutation breeding of soybean was comparatively active and successful, while soybean mutation induced by high pressure treatment of seeds has not been reported. In the present research, effects of high pressure stress of seed on the agronomic characters, yield and quality of soybean were studied. The soybean seeds, Kaijiao 8157, were separated randomly into two groups（ each 100 seeds）, one was pretreated by 20MPa high pressure nitrogen gas for 4 h at room temperature, and the other without treatment was regarded as control group. All seeds were planted under same natural conditions in Chengdu of Sichuan province. The growth characteristics of the plants such as germination ratio, growth period, plant height, stem diameter and seed yield were observed and compared, and four main nutrition components of the yielded seeds were also tested. It was shown that the average seed yield per plants in the treated group increased 30. 6 percent in comparison to the control group and T-test indicated the difference is significant in the believable level of 99%. The changes of four nutrition components （unsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid, fattiness and protein） in the treated group are inclined to the improvement of seed quality. Additionally, one plant in the treated group was obviously prolific in the seed yield ,which increased 204.48% in comparison to the average yield of the treated group. These results suggest that high pressure treating seeds is a promising way to improve yield and quality of soybean.