光帽鳞伞子实体个体发育

Ontogeny of Fruiting Body of Pholiota nameko

对光帽鳞伞(Pholiota nameko)子实体发育观察发现,原基菌幕在球状原基时(原基直径750μm左右)已经存在,原基顶端菌幕(菌盖菌幕)厚,明显;底部菌幕(菌柄菌幕)较薄。菌盖、子实层、菌褶和菌柄上部均由原基中间的组织分化形成。原基上部有2个菌丝发育速率不同的区域生成菌褶腔,菌褶腔上缘菌丝致密、规则排列形成子实层。下缘菌丝稀疏,逐渐发育成菌柄的外围菌丝。菌褶的形成是由子实层内的菌丝生长不均匀而引起的。子实层发生较早,在菌盖与菌柄还没有形成雏形时就已经开始了最初的分化。菌盖表面由菌盖菌幕的一层胶质化的菌丝组织形成。成熟子实体中,菌盖菌幕完全胶质化,成为光滑的菌盖,菌柄菌幕强烈胶质化甚至消失。

Observation of the fruiting body of Pholiota nanleko shows that primordial veil has already existed at the stage of primordial bulb （about 750 μm in diameter） , the apex of primordial yell （pileus veil） is thick and obvious, and the base of primordial veil（stem veil） is thinner. Pileus, hymenophore, gill and the upper portion of stipe are formed by the differentiation of primordial central tissues. The upper portion of primordium shows a differentiation into two zones, and the different growth rate of which causes the formation of gill cavity. The upper hyphae of gill cavity, which are compact and regular arranged, form the hymenophore, and the lower hyphae are sparse, gradually developed into the periphery hyphae of stipe. The formation of gill is caused by the non-uniform growth of hymenial inner hyphae. The hymenophore appears very early, which has already started the initial differentiation when the pileus and stipe do not form the embryonic form. The pileus surface is covered with a layer of thick texture formed by hyphal gelatification of pileus veil. The small tubercles of pileus and stipe surface are formed by slightly protruding to the epidermis of veil hyphae. In some mature fruiting body, the pileus veil gelatinizes completely and becomes the smooth pileus, and the stipe veil gelatinizes intensely and even vanishes.