西昌市13种野生蘑菇中汞含量分析及安全性评价

Analysis over the mercury content and safety evaluation of wild-growing mushrooms in Xichang District, Sichuan

地球生态系统汞的水平一般非常低,但某些大型真菌对汞的强烈积累则是例外。分析了采集于四川省西昌市未受汞污染地方生长的13种野生蘑菇99个样品子实体中汞的含量,用原子荧光法测定蘑菇和蘑菇采集地土壤中的汞含量。野生蘑菇的汞含量随蘑菇种类的不同而不同,双色牛肝菌积累汞的能力最强,质量比为0.99mgHg/(kg·dw),生物富集常数(BCF)达2.01。提出野生蘑菇对汞的积累明显受介质汞水平的影响。分析的汞含量与早期的文献数据报道进行比较,评价了法律规定的人体吸收汞水平和食用蘑菇对人体汞吸收量的贡献,指出人们在消费蘑菇时可能存在的风险和应对措施。

The paper is aimed to study the influence of the presence of mercury on the growth of wild mushrooms and their safety for human consumption. As is known, the levels of mercury existence in terrestrial ecosystems are generally very low, but the strong accumulation in some species of macro-fungi can be taken as an exception, In this paper, we have investigated the mercury contents in 99 sampies of the fruit bodies of wild mushrooms representing 13 species, The paper has also measures, tested and analyzed the mercury level in the soils in which the mushrooms are collected by means of atomic fluorescent flight method （ ICP, EPA6100）. In addition, studying the relationship between the mushroom species and mercury contents in them, we have evaluated the mercury pollution degree in the local environment, the mercury bioaccumulation characteristics and the risks likely to bring about to the local mushroom consumers. As a matter of fact, mercury contents in wild mushrooms were different from species to species. The highest content has been found in Botelus bicolor （0.990 mg Hg/（kg·dw））, which means the most serious accumulation of mercury contents with its BCF （Bioconcentration Factor） up to 2.01. The second high accumulator was B, griseus with mercury content of 0.939 mg Hg/（kg·dw） and BCF of 1.91. The analyzed data indicate that B. bicolor and B. griseus were good mercury accumulators. Furthermore, we have found that the accumulation of wild mushroom to mercury was significantly influenced by the soil media for mushroom growing. Comparing the data we have collected to the literature ones, the mercury concentrations described in the wild mushrooms collected in Paris in France （33.8- 1 880 mg Hg/（kg·dw）） were much higher than those we find in the wild mushrooms from Xichang of Sichuan （0.061 9 - 0.990 mg Hg/（kg·dw））. And then the concentration of mushrooms to the weekly intake of mercury per person has also been evaluated with the likely health hazard for people properly pointed out.