语词的潜在及其运动

The Hidden Existence and Movement of Word Groups

"语词"是"词"的非专科部分的最邻近的上一个层次的概念。语词有潜在的情况,就是文献中见不到反映,却活泼地潜在于通用语或方言的口语中,这不同于承用。语词潜在的运动就是这个语词在口语中有意义或词性或使用范围上的引申或变化,或者展现其构词能力。由于文献反映的缺失,潜在及其运动的过程我们往往难以描写,常常只能见其首尾。认识这个命题对于语词的历史研究和训诂研究都是有意义的,可以解决一些疑难。

Word group is an adjacent superordinate concept of a word in its atypical sense. The hidden existence of word groups, which is different from inheritance, is shown by their non-existence in literature and their vigorous existence in popular speech or vernacular. The hidden movement of a word group refers to the extension or change of its meaning, property or scope of use in speech, or to its capability of forming a word or phrase. It is usually hard to describe this kind of hidden existence and movement-we can do no more than noting their advent and leaving-for lack of record in literature. But the recognition of this phenomenon is significant to the study of the history of word group and to the traditional Chinese lexicon studies, for it can help crack some hard nuts.