水土保持生态服务功能价值估算

Assessment on the ecological services value of soil and water conservation

以水土保持学、生态学和生态经济学理论为指导,提出水土保持生态服务价值的概念。认为水土保持生态服务价值估算是在特定尺度和区域范围内,将水土保持措施为人类和社会提供的服务进行货币值计量的研究,具体评价内容包括保持和涵养水源价值、保持和改良土壤价值、固碳供氧价值、净化空气价值、防风固沙价值、维持生物多样性价值等6个方面。针对水土保持措施提供生态服务功能的不同表现形式,采用市场价值法、影子工程法、生产成本法、机会成本法等多种价值评估方法,以2004年全国水土流失新增综合治理面积为例,对水土保持生态服务的功能价值量进行估算。初步估算出水土保持措施带来的生态服务价值总量为2 117.8亿元,其中,保持与涵养水源价值为406.0亿元,保持与改良土壤价值为889.9亿元,固碳供氧价值为106.9亿元,净化空气价值为183.2亿元,防风固沙价值为172.0亿元,维持生物多样性价值为359.8亿元。在各项价值中,保持与改良土壤和保持与涵养水源的价值最为突出。

How much the value that the human being gets from the soil and water conservation measures？ This problem can be solved by estimating their ecological services. It can measure the ecological service by economic ways in given scale or area based on the theories of bio-ecology and ecologic-economics. The ecological services values included such as conserving water resource, preventing soil losses, sequestrating carbon ＆ concentrating oxygen, cleaning air, fixation sand land, and protecting biodiversity. Using the market value method, shadow engineering technique, production cost method, and opportunity cost method, the total values of ecological services offered by soil and water conservation measures had been put forward. The results show that, in 2004, the total value of newly added soil and water loss comprehensive control measures is 211.78 billion yan, it includes as such, conserving water resource value is 40.6 billion yan, preventing soil losses value is 88.99 billion yan, sequestrating carbon ＆concentrating oxygen value is 10.69 billion yah, cleaning air value is 18.32 billion yan,combating sand value is 17.20 billion yan and protecting biodiversity value is 35.98 billion yan. Furthermore, the values of conserving water resource and fixation sand land were very extrusive.