摘要
本研究是为评估现代生态标志所包涵农业景观的农田生物多样性的保护和可持续利用(农业生物多样性)促进程度。首先,我们建立了一套农业生物多样性管理的衡量尺度来评估和比较耕作农业生态标记的标记方案。此衡量尺度的关键特征是其5个层次,我们在专家关于农业实践对农业生物多样性的效果做出判断的基础上,将农业生物多样性管理的抽象概念与农场的具体措施联系起来。在其中的几个环境问题上,包括农业生物多样性管理措施,我们通过生态标志来规范。在此衡量尺度的协助之下,细察这些标记方案,并且对10个农场管理的类型确定了相关标准的数量、平均有效性和强制性。结果表明,研究的所有生态标志都至少包含某些促进农业生物多样性保护和可持续利用的标准,但是这些标志之间有很大区别。我们认为,这5种生态标志的成效还不足以保证它们成为荷兰政府为促进农业生物多样性而制定部分国家农业生物多样性政策所借鉴和依赖的有效治理策略。
We conducted a study to assess to what extent current ecolabels contain standards that stimulate conservation and sustainable use of on-farm biodiversity of agricultural landscapes (agrobiodiversity).First,we developed an agrobiodiversity management yardstick to assess and compare the labeling schemes of ecolabels for arable fanning.Key characteristics of the yardstick are the five levels linking the abstract notion of agrobiodiversity management to concrete measures on a farm and its foundation upon expert judgment regarding the effect of farming practices on agrobiodiversity.Several environmental themes,among them agrobiodiversity management,are regulated through the standards of labeling schemes of ecolabels.With the aid of this yardstick,the labeling schemes were scrutinized and the number,average efficacy,and compulsory nature of relevant standards was determined for 10 categories of farm management.The results show that all examined ecolabels contain at least some standards that stimulate conservation and sustainable use of agrobiodiversity, but there are large differences between the labels.We consider the results of the five ecolabels to be insufficient to warrant their usefulness as a governance strategy that the Dutch government could refer to and depend on as part of a national agrobiodiversity policy to stimulate agrobiodiversity.
