张载关学的思想要旨

The Essence of Zhang Zai's Philosophy

张载关学思想的要旨在于,提出了"太虚即气"、"气为本体"、"气化万物"的唯物主义宇宙观,进而论证了"气"不消灭的物质永恒论;以"太虚即气"为理论基石,提出并论证了"天人合一"思想;用"一物两体"揭示和论证了宇宙万物的矛盾运动及其发展变化的规律;提出和论证了"太和之道"、"仇必和而解"的中道观、方法论;提出了"闻见之知"与"德性之知"两种知识论;创立了"天地之性"和"气质之性"的人性二元论,并在此基础上提出了"民胞物与"的伦理道德观。

Zhang Zai＇s philosophical thought is characterized by its materialistic outlook on the universe, which holds that ＂Qi＂ is eternal in the material existence. Based on the theroy of ＂heavenly void as Qi＂, he puts forth the thought of ＂unification of heaven and man＂. He used ＂one matter, two forms＂ to reveal and demonstrate the contradictory movement of all the things in the universe and their develomental law. These and other theroies all constitute his unique methodology and perception of the world, and his moral values.