民本思想与中国政治文化的历史转型

The Thought of Regarding People as a Nation's Origin and the Historical Transfer of Political Culture

中国政治文化的历史转型即由专制政治文化向民主政治文化的历史变迁。民本思想是中国传统政治文化的主要内容之一。明清之际启蒙思想家对君主专制制度的批判,实现了对传统民本思想的理性超越,开启了中国政治文化历史转型的先声;近代以来,随着西学东渐,民本思想又成为中国人接受西方民主思想的中介和桥梁;而五四新文化运动是一场深刻的人性解放运动,提出了全面改造中国传统政治文化的历史任务。随着市场经济和全球化的推动,中国的民主化进程加快,我们要弘扬新文化运动的启蒙精神,在消除封建残余思想影响的同时,改造和利用民本思想,并与民主文化相融合,这是实现中国政治文化历史转型的重要途径。那种企图用所谓"新民本"思想作为政治文化建设目标的想法,实际上是一种历史倒退。

The Chinese political culture has shifted from despotic political culture to democratic political culture. The thought of regarding people as a nation＇s orgin is one of the main contents of Chinese traditional political culture. The criticism on feudal absolutism from the illuminative thinkers in the dynasties of Ming and Qing realized the rational transcending over the traditional thought of regarding people as a nation＇s orgin. After that, as the western thought coming to the east, thought of regarding people as a nation＇s orgin became again the bridge for Chinese people to accept western democratic thought. But The May 4 New Culture Movement was a deep liberation movement for human nature, and it put forward historical task of reconstructing fully the Chinese traditional political culture. As the market economy and globalism advance, the process on Chinese democratization is quickening. We should uplift torchbearers spirit of May 4 New Culture Movement, and reconstruct as well as utilize the thought of regarding people as a nation＇s origin while eliminating the influence of feudal thought, and we should try to inosculate it with democratic culture. This is fundamental means for realizing the history transfer of Chinese political culture. That so-called ＂new thought of regarding people as a nation＇s orgin＂ was applied for the goal of political construction is actually a kind of history retrogress.