体制内演进与体制外发育的冲突——中国农村社会工作的制度性条件反思

Conflicts between Systemic Evolution and Systematic Growth

本研究基于两个案例资料——中国本土发生的大学生村官计划和国际援助的社区发展项目,分析了中国乡村在后税费改革时代社区发展和社区治理的动力、机制和路径。研究发现,大学生村官计划嵌入在现行政治体制和主流发展话语之中,能够利用模糊身份带来的社会资本,促进乡村社区经济发展和乡村治理结构的路径依赖性演进;而社区发展项目则站在体制之外,反思主流的发展话语,走性别敏感的参与式可持续发展道路,发生了制度间的冲突。由此认为,中国农村社会工作发展的制度性条件和方式,不存在人们善良期望的互补关系,必须处理必要的制度性撞击和互相调适。

Based on two cases, this paper analyzed the community development and the motivation, system and path for community management in the times of post tax reform. It showed that taking college graduates as village officials is acceptable within the present political system; while the community developing program stands outside the system. Therefore, there is no complementary relation in the development of chinese rural social work, and the conflict between systems must be dealt with.