《聊斋志异·向杲》化虎复仇故事的中印文学渊源

The Indian-Chinese Literary Source of the Story of Changing a Person into a Tiger for Revenge in Xiang Gao——Strange Stories Told in a Lonely Studio

《聊斋志异》向杲化虎复仇,是一种复仇主体精神压抑释放的奇特方式。化虎之后的人而虎,虎而人,虎外而人其内,使主人公向杲与"复仇相助者"合二为一,复仇主体具有了隐身和复仇的能力。化虎道具,在以往故事中即有。化异类以复仇,来自佛经故事的基本艺术机杼。在"六道轮回"的佛教理念中,前世仇怨可在今世雪报,而报仇的复仇主体可能转世为某种动物。"虎皮",与其他相关道具一并得蒙蒲松龄青目,也可能模仿了佛经叙事。佛教生死观也被吸收融合,幻化故事为之更具有文学魅力。

The revenge mode that Xiang Gao was changed into a tiger is a special mode of revenge in Strange Stories Told in a Lonely Studio.The man who is changed into a tiger is a man who has a tiger's appearance but a human heart.The revenger thus has gained the ability of hiding himself and taking revenge.This source comes from the artistic technique of Sutra stories.In Buddhist idea of six metempsychosis,the wrong in the preexistece can be done in the secular life as the revenger is changed into some animals.By borrowing this from Sutra stories,Pu Song-ling's story gains more literary fascination.