欧盟家庭友好政策的性别视角分析——以父母假指令为例

A Gender Perspective of EU Family-Friendly Policy——Lessons from Parental Leave Directive

随着一体化从经济领域"外溢"到社会领域,为了实现"社会欧洲"的建设目标,欧盟在重重压力之下构建了家庭友好政策体系。其出发点是提供劳动力保护,帮助父母协调家庭与工作的矛盾。但是由于其潜在目标是促进劳动力市场的公平竞争而非实现性别平等,因此欧盟家庭友好政策仍然存在着种种缺陷。本文以父母假指令为例,从政策文本、实施水平、欧洲法院的判例三方面对欧盟家庭友好政策进行性别视角分析,认为以上三方面存在的不利因素不仅严重制约了父母假指令效力的发挥,而且还对欧洲社会一体化进程造成较大的负面影响。

The Parental Leave Directive is an important part of EU＇s family-friendly policy. This article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the family-friendly policy based on the policy itself, its implementation and related court cases. It argues that the aim of EU to construct its family-friendly policy is to protect labor and help working parents to harmonize their family life and employment. However, seen from the position of EU member states when they take part in the policy making, the policy is intended for promoting equity than gender equality in the labor markets. Such a drawback not only restricts the effective execution of Parental Leave Directive but also affects the development of European integration.