农地制度、土地细碎化与农民收入不平等

Rural Land System,Land Fragmentation and Farmer's Income Inequality

上世纪80年代中期以来,不仅农民收入增长乏力,农村内部的收入不平等也在持续扩大。而在现有众多的研究农民收入不平等的文献中,农地制度对于农民收入不平等的影响在实证研究中却很少涉及。本研究的主要目的就是为了填补这一方面的空白。在家庭联产承包责任制这一制度安排之下,土地"按人分配"而不是"按劳分配",因而必然带来土地的细碎化,本研究从这一现象出发,探讨农地制度对于农民收入以及收入不平等的影响。其次,现有的很多关于收入不平等的研究中,一般都采用指数分解的方法,这样所得到的结论可能有很大的偏差,而在本研究中,最新的基于回归方程的夏普里值分解法将被采用,这将克服常规指数分解分析的局限。经过实证研究,本文发现土地细碎化与农民的总收入水平呈正相关的关系,同时,土地细碎化还有利于农民收入不平等的缩小。这就表明现有的农地制度起到了公平分配生产资料,并缩小农民收入不平等的积极作用。

In this paper, land fragmentation incurred by present China＇s rural land system, i.e., Household Responsibility System （HRS） will be investigated through empirical studies. After the founding of mechanism of land fragmentation affecting farmer＇ s income, an econometrical model is established to find that impacts of land fragmentation on farmer＇s income are positive. Then a regression based approach, i.e. , Sbapley-value decomposition procedure is employed to find that land fragmentation could reduce the farmer＇s income inequality. Based on the empirical results, it could be derived that the existence of land fragmentation is still rational, and on the other hand, sustaining the rural land system is essential to increase famer＇ s income and reduce famer＇ s income inequality.