中国成年人广播体操发展走向及成套动作编排特征研究

The Development and Characteristics of the Adult Morning Exercises in China

运用文献资料法和录像分析法对自1951年以来我国颁布的9套成年人广播体操进行统计分析,结果表明:(1)成年人广播体操遵循了系列化、层次化、大众化的创编原则,成套动作的结构符合人体生理心理规律,注重普及性和实效性;(2)成年人广播体操成套动作结构总体上呈单一逐渐过度到复杂再到简单的变化趋势;(3)成年人广播体操的动作姿势有19种类型,其空间特征呈现立体化、多样化和方位化,强调人体大关节参与运动,重视上下肢、头颈、躯干各关节之间的相互协调;(4)成年人广播体操中肩带肌群参与运动的频数明显高于其他主要肌群,上肢肌肉群的负荷偏大。

By means of documentary and kinescope data statistics, the author analyzed the development and characteristics of the adult morning exercises of nine series group events in china. The results indicated that the first, formulate principle of the adult morning exercises followed in a series of group events and difference age of levels and a popular style. At the same time it was paying attention to popularization and actual effect based on the rule of somatology, physiology and psychology. Second, as a whole the structure of a series events showed that were trending from singleness to complexity then return to singleness. Third, there were nineteen styles in the events posture of adult morning exercises. Its base character of space has been showed three-dimension and diversification and orientation. At one time it emphasized movement frequency on the bigger joint of body and co-adjustment between upper limbs, lower limbs, head and trunk. Fourth, in adult morning exercise the frequency of shoulder muscle related the movement was significant higher than other muscle, the loading of upper limb tend to stronger.