我国农村中小学师资保障问题的历史分析及其对策探讨

A Historical Analysis of and Strategies for the Problem of Ensuring Teachers in Rural Education

我国农村中小学教师保障问题由来已久。究其原因主要是:师范院校包括教师进修院校没有树立为农村基础教育,为农村中小学教师服务的意识;基础教育的分层投资管理体系影响了农村教师的引进,限制了农村教师的专业发展;市场化的分配制度很难把优秀师范毕业生分到农村从教。为此,建议把农村基础教育的责任由县提升到省和国家;切实提高农村教师的待遇,改善工作环境,提高其后续发展机会;实行免费师范生制度,确保优秀的师范毕业生进入农村教师队伍;严格执行教师资格证书制度,确保获得资格的教师从教;教师教育院校要切实承担起为农村培养教师的任务等。

The problem of ensuring appropriate teachers in primary and secondary schools in rural areas in China had been existing for a long time. The reasons include shortage of consciousness of serving to basic education and teachers in rural areas; the layered management system of investment to basic education; and market-oriented distribution system of graduate of teacher school. Suggestions to solve those problems include, to upgrade the administrative level of basic education from county level to provincial level or national level; to implement free education for students in teacher training programs; to strictly implement the teacher certification system; and to enforce the duty of teacher training institutions for training teachers in rural areas.