对高水平学生运动员培养体系的探讨--清华大学跳水队实证研究

Discussion on Cultivation System of High-Level Student-Athletes

通过理论分析与实证相结合,综合运用文献研究、专家访谈、比较分析、历史逻辑分析、案例分析等方法,对高水平学生运动员培养体系进行了全面系统的分析,研究认为,高水平学生运动员培养体系以人的全面发展理论和科学训练理论为其核心理念;以科学训练理论为基础,在训练过程中遵循并综合运用多种已被实践证明行之有效的科学理论;长期以来,我国传统的高水平运动员培养体系存在着培养主体垄断性、培养目标单一性、培养过程粗放性、培养手段强制性、培养内容随意性等弊端;清华大学跳水队的高水平学生运动员培养体系具有多重目标,其培养体系经过近十年的探索发展已经取得了初步成果,为我国高水平学生运动页的培养提供了可操作性的参考模式。

How to develop high-level athletes in an effective and high productive way becomes a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Through the combination of theoretical analysis and substantial evidence and by using the method of literature review, expert interview, comparative analysis and historic logic analysis and case analysis, this paper makes comprehensive analysis on cultivation system of high-level student-athlete. The following conclusions are drawn out： The cultivation system of high-level student-athletes should focus on all-round development of human being and scientific training theory as a core theory. Based on the theory of scientific training, it is proved that following it is an effective way. The traditional training system of high-level student-athlete in China has five disadvantages ： the monopolization of training subject, the simplicity of training goal, the extensiveness of training process, the enforcement of training methods and the being at will of training contents. High-level student-athlete training system of Tsinghua University has multi-goals. After ten years of exploration, high-level student-athlete training system of Tsinghua University makes progress and can be used as reference model.