语用学与认知语言学的同源和互补性——从现代西方哲学和符号学角度作出的解释

Homology and Complementarity of Pragmatics and Cognitive Linguistics——An Interpretation from the Perspective of Western Modern Philosophy and Semiotics

语用学和认知语言学在理论上同属现代西方哲学的科学主义思潮、经验主义哲学和英美分析哲学、皮尔斯符号学和从生物体内部角度研究语言的心理活动和生理活动的语言学。特别值得注意的是,皮尔斯符号模式中的"解释项"说明在认知中作为认知主体的人的重要作用。语用学根据语境(物理语境)对语言的动因(说话人的意图)进行逻辑推理。认知学者对语言的成因和心理活动过程作出解释。在交际中,受话人根据自己的心理语境(心智、经验、认知能力)对话语作出解释。在交际的认知过程中,话语动因的逻辑推理和基于心理语境的的解释往往交替进行、互相补充。以上事实充分说明语用学和认知语言学之间的同源和互补性以及融合的自然趋势。

Both pragmatics and cognitive linguistics fall in the Western philosophical trend of thought of scientism, the philosophy of empiricism and Anglo-American analytic philosophy, the Peircean semiotic school, and the type of linguistics of studying the psychological and biological activities of language from the perspective of the interior of a biological body. What deserves special attention is the decisive role played by man, the cognitive agent, as the＂interpretant＂ in the sign model of Peircean semiotics. Pragmatics engages in the logical inference of the motivation （intention） of the speaker in terms of the concrete （physical） context. Cognitive linguists interpret the reason for the formation of language and the process of the mental activities of the speaker. In communication, the listener interprets the meaning of the utterance in terms of his own psychological context （his mind, experiences and cognitive ability）. In the cognitive process of communication, the logical inference of the intention of the utterance and the interpretation in the psychological context are made alternatively and complementarily. The above statement proves the homology and complementarity of pragmatics and cognitive linguistics and the natural trend of their mergence.