民族文化背景下中国古代女神命运的演变与地位没落

The Evolution and Fall of Ancient Chinese Goddess' Fate Under the National Cultural Background

在世界各民族的神话传说中,女性神都具有十分显赫的地位。随着文明的演进,后天的道德规范、文化品格被超时空地投射到传说中的女性神身上,使远古的女神地位出现了集体没落现象,这在中国古代神话中表现得尤为明显。中国古代女性神命运的演变与地位的没落主要通过两种途径完成:神话的重组使女神丧失独立的政治与社会地位,从而使其命运发生逆转;仙道文化的滋生与渗入,使女性神纷纷由神界走向仙界,不仅导致神话内容变异,而且也改变了女性神的特质。

All goddesses have an eminent status in the ancient myths and legends in the world. However, with the evolution of civilization, the ethics and cultural character are projected onto the ancient goddesses without the limitations of time and space, which lead their status collectively to downfall, especially in China. There are two major means for the evolution and fall of the goddess in China＇ s myths and legends. One is the reorganization of the myths, as a result of which the goddess lose their independent political and social status. The other is due to the influence of immortal culture, which turns the goddesses from god to i minortal. Furthermore, it changes not only the contents of myths and legends, but the characteristic of the goddesses.