转形问题的马克思本意和解读产生的疑问

Marx's Original Intention in Transformation Problem and Questions from Interpretation

马克思揭示了资本获取利润所隐含的剥削问题,提出剩余价值说,假设价值转化为生产价格,通过平均利润率的形成,要解决"李嘉图矛盾"。马克思认为,生产价格的根在价值,价值包含剥削因素;剥削的实质是剩余价值的分配问题,而剩余价值在企业内部表现为资本独占式分配,在部门之间表现为利润竞争式分配。马克思要从价值和生产价格的数量关系、剩余价值和平均利润的数量关系当中,以微观上揭示价值形成,从宏观上导出生产价格取决于剩余价值总额,即隐藏在市场价格波动的背后的那个东西同剩余价值总额有着直接的关系;作为价格波动的中心点的是劳动价值。用平均利润率得到的生产价格和用c/v比值得到的生产价格,能否为同一个?

Marx reveals the exploitation problem lying in the course of gaining profit with capital. To deal with the ＂Ricardo contradiction＂, he raises the theory of surplus value by assuming that value is changed into production price and is formed by averaging different profit rates. In his opinion, the production price is derived from value, which includes the factor of exploitation; the essence of exploitation is the distribution of surplus value, while the surplus value exists in the form of monopolized distribution in the enterprises and is competitive among sectors. He wants to, from the relation between value and production cost and between surplus value and average profit, reveal the formation of surplus value from micro aspect and deduce that production cost lies on the total amount of surplus value from macro aspect, that is, that lying on the surplus value has direct relation with the total amount of surplus value; labor cost is the core of floatation of price. Could the production price got from average profit rate be the same with that got from ratio of c/v？