神经组织工程生物支架材料的应用现状[英文]

Current application of scaffold materials for nerve tissue engineering

学术背景:开发具有一定的生物学活性,能促进干细胞的增殖分化,组织再生的各类新型的复合材料、仿生材料、生物活性材料及智能型材料,是组织工程材料的研究方向。目的:总结神经组织工程生物支架材料应用研究进展。检索策略:由该论文的研究人员应用计算机检索Pubmed和维普信息资源系统V6.32数据库2001-01/2007-06的相关文献,检索词:"神经组织工程"和"tissue engineering,neural,neural stem cells,Schwanncell,biomedical materials,scaffold",并限定文章语言种类为English。共检索到123篇文献,对资料进行初审,纳入标准:①与组织工程修复神经研究方面密切相关。②同一领域选择近期发表或在权威杂志上发表的文章。排除标准:重复性研究。文献评价:文献的来源主要是神经组织工程生物支架材料的基础研究,包括其来源、理化特性、与神经干细胞、雪旺细胞相容性检测。所选用的36篇文献中,6篇为综述、述评、讲座,其余为基础实验研究。资料综合:①神经损伤后的再生与修复,目前的研究并没有取得具有临床意义的突破。随着成体神经干细胞的发现、材料技术和细胞培养技术的发展,组织工程学方法为神经损伤的治疗带来了希望。②生物支架是对细胞外基质结构和功能的仿生,起到细胞外基质替代物的重要作用,寻找再生能力强的种子细胞和适合细胞生存的生物材料为组织工程的核心研究内容。③研究表明,神经组织工程支架材料来源广泛,明胶、胶原、聚乳酸杂化材料、壳聚糖及脱细胞细胞外基质等均具有生物相容性和安全性,理化性能稳定,在组织工程中有非常好的应用前景。④在神经组织工程生物支架研究方面仍然存在着许多尚未阐明和解决的问题。加强基础性问题的探索,系统地阐明组织工程化组织形成、成熟及体内转归过程中的一系列重要基础科学问题和内在机制,这对优化组织构建技术,加速组织工程技术的临床应用与产业化发展具有重要意义,必将成为今后研究的热点。结论:神经组织工程生物支架研究已取得了一定的进展,但仍然存在着许多尚待解决的问题。

BACKGROUND： It is a researching tendency for tissue engineering to develop compound, bionic, biological-active and intelligent materials, which are characterized by biological activity and can promote proliferation and differentiation of stern cells and tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE： To summarize the application and development of scaffold materials for nerve tissue engineering. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY： A computer-based online search was conducted in Pubmed and V6.32 database of VII＇ Information Resource System for English language publications containing the key words of ＂nerve tissue engineering, tissue engineering, neural, neural stern cells, Schwann cell, biomedical materials, scaffold＂ from January 2001 to June 2007. There were 123 literatures in total. Inclusion criteria： （1） articles about nerve repair with tissue engineering; （2） current published literatures in the same field or in authoritative journals. Exclusion criteria： duplicated researches. LITERATURE EVALUATION： Articles are mainly derived from basic researches on scaffold materials for nerve tissue engineering, including resource, physical and chemical properties and compatibility with neural stern cells and Schwann cells. Among 36 involved literatures, there were 6 reviews, statement and lectures, and the other articles are basic researches. DATA SYNTHESIS： （1） Up to now, there are no significantly researching breakthroughs about regeneration and repair after nerve injury in clinic. With the discovery of adult neural stem cells and the development of material and cell culture techniques, tissue engineering brings prospect for the treatment of nerve injury. （2） Scaffold imitates the structure and function of extracellular matrix （ECM） and plays a key role in replacing extracellular matrix. It is a core for tissue engineering to look for seed cells with strong regeneration capacity and biological materials adapted to cell survival. （3） Researches demonstrate that the resource of scaffold materials for nerve tissue engineering is plentiful. Gelatine, collogen, polylactic acid hybrid materials, chitosan and acellular extracellular matrix are all considered as biocompatibility, security and stable physical and chemical characteristics. Therefore, they have a greatly applied prospect for tissue engineering. （4） There are still many difficulties of scaffold for nerve tissue engineering. It is important significance to optimise tissue construction technique and accelerate clinical application and industrial development of tissue engineering technique via further exploring basic problems, systemically elucidating formation and maturity of tissue engineering and investigating basic scientific problems and internal mechanism during prognosis in vivo. While, tissue engineering will certainly become a hot topic in the future. CONCLUSION： Researches on scaffold for nerve tissue engineering have obtained some achievements, but there are still many difficulties.