遗传和环境因素在新疆汉族与维吾尔族2型糖尿病发病中的作用

Roles of hereditary and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes of Han and Uygur nationalities in Xinjiang

目的 探讨遗传与环境因素在2型糖尿病发病中的作用。方法采用多级抽样方法对乌鲁木齐市及喀什市的汉族及维吾尔族的健康状况进行横断面调查，以横断面调查材料对糖尿病家族史及代谢综合征（MS）危险因素与新发2型糖尿病关系进行分析。结果（1）乌鲁木齐市汉族新发2型糖尿病检出率为12．5％，其中男性检出率高达15．5％，女性为7．8％；喀什市维吾尔族新发糖尿病检出率为6．1％，其中男性为7．6％，女性为5．2％。（2）汉族2型糖尿病有家族史者（男77．5％，女83．1％）明显高于维吾尔族（男33．3％，女49．3％，P〈0．01）。而维吾尔族2型糖尿病合并MS者（男59．4％，女72．0％）显著高于汉族（男30．3％，女49．4％，P〈0．01）。（3）在logistic回归分析构建的数学模型中，糖尿病家族史是汉族2型糖尿病方程的主要成分；中心性肥胖指标腰围是维吾尔族2型糖尿病数学方程的唯一构成成分。结论乌鲁木齐市汉族新发2型糖尿病的家族史与MS组分都是糖尿病的重要发病因素。而腰围是喀什市维吾尔族糖尿病的重要危险因素。

Objective To investigate the roles of hereditary and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Methods Cluster sampling of Han and Uygur nationalities in Urumqi and Kashi was performed as health status with cross-sectional research. The relationship of diabetic family history and risk factors of metabolic syndrome （MS） with type 2 diabetes was analysed. Results （ 1 ） The rate of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was 12.5% in Han nationality of Urumqi City, with 15.5% in males and 7.8% in females. The rate of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was 6.1% in Uygur nationality of Kashi City, with 7.6% in males and 5.2% in females. （2） The rate of type 2 diabetes with family history in Han nationality （ male 77.5% and female 83.1% ） was higher than that in Ugyur nationality （ male 33.3% and female 49.3% , P 〈0.01 ）. While the rate of type 2 diabetes complicated with MS in Ugyur nationality （ male 59.4% and female 72.0% ） was higher than that in Han nationality （ male 30.3% and female 49.4% , P 〈 0.01 ）. （ 3 ） In mathematical model constructed by logistic regression analysis, the family history of type 2 diabetes in Han nationality was the main component in the equation, while waist circumference （WC） as a central obesity indicator was the only component in the equation of Uygur nationality with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion In Han nationality of Urumqi, the diabetic family history and the components of MS are important risk factors for diabetes. WC is an important risk factor for diabetes in Uygur nationality of Kashi.