现代岩溶学和全球变化研究

MODERN KARSTOLOGY AND GLOBAL CHANGE STUDY

广泛的全球岩溶对比和地球系统科学理论的引入以及研究方法的解决，推动了现代岩溶学的发展，从而显示其在全球变化研究中的重要性。现代岩溶学的新发展在全球变化研究中具有两方面意义：一是岩溶作用在大气温室气体ＣＯ２源汇关系中的效应，初步估算全球岩溶作用每年可由大气回收６．０２×１０８ｔ碳；二是由岩溶记录提取高分辨率的环境变化信息。我国大陆岩溶不但面积辽阔，而且碳酸盐岩古老坚硬，新生代以来大幅度抬升以及未受末次冰期大陆冰盖的刨蚀破坏，因而保留第四纪环境变化的信息量很大。我国季风区水热配套，岩溶作用的季节和地区反差明显，极有利于进行岩溶作用与大气ＣＯ２源汇关系研究。我们应该充分发挥这种地域优势。

Worldwide karst correlation and the introducing of Earth System Science and new methodologies have modernized karstology remarkably. The implementation of UNESCO/ IUGS IGCP 299 “Geology,Climate,Hydrology and Karst Formation” (1990-1994), and IGCP 379 “Karst Processes and the Carbon Cycle” (1995-1999) has played important role in this drive. Modern karstology can contribute to global change study in two aspects. The first is the impact of karst processes on the source and sink of atmospheric CO 2. Preliminary estimation gives an annual uptake of 6.02×10 8 t carbon from atmosphere in the form of CO 2. The other is high resolution paleoenvironmental reconstruction with karst records. The advantages of karst in China's Mainland come not only from its broad expanse, but also from its hard, compact old phase carbonate rocks, strong Cenozoic uplift , and escaping from scouring by the continental ice sheet in the Last Glaciation. All of these make karst in China's Mainland a big archive for Quaternary environmental change. Moreover, the match of water and heat within the monsoon climate of China brings about clear regional and seasonal contrast in karst processes, which is very favourable in studying the impact of karst processes on the source and sink of atmospheric CO 2. It is expected that the contribution from the regional advantages of karst in China should be made for global change study in the years to come.