2001-2006年湖南省化学性食物中毒情况分析

Analysis on Chemical Food Poisoning Condition During the Period of 2001～2006 in Hunan Province

目的了解近年来湖南省化学性食物中毒事件发生的特点和变化趋势,为制定有针对性的预防和控制措施提供参考。方法从2001-2006年湖南省食物中毒报表资料中,收集有关化学性食物中毒的全部个案报表按年度分布、季节分布、城乡分布、场所分布、中毒因子及发生原因等方面进行统计和分析。结果2001-2006年湖南省发生化学性食物中毒事件129起,中毒3249人,死亡34人,分别占湖南省同期食物中毒报告总数的37.83%、35.69%和58.62%,且病死率(1.05%)显著高于同期食物中毒总体病死率(0.62%)水平(P<0.05)。主要中毒因子是有机磷(占39.53%)和毒鼠强(占37.98%);中毒场所以家庭为主(占51.94%),其次是集体食堂(占31.01%);误食(占58.14%)和人为投毒(占32.56%)是导致化学性食物中毒的主要原因;农村发生中毒的起数(占83.72%)远高于城市;2003-2006年中毒发生率呈明显下降趋势。结论进一步加强对有关剧毒化学品的监管,进一步提高社会公众的道德法制观念、卫生意识与自我保护能力,是减少化学性食物中毒事件发生的有效途径。

Objective To understand the characteristic and the change tendency of chemical food poisoning events occurred in Hunan Province in recent years, and to provide the reference on prevention and control measures. Methods The data of food poisoning report forms during 2001- 2006 in Hunan Province were collected to perform statistical study and analyze the factors and reasons related with chemical food poisoning according to the distributions of different years, seasons, locations, cities and rural areas. Results There were 129 chemical food poisoning events and 3,249 poisoned persons from 2001 to 2006 in Hunan Province with 34 deaths, accounted for 37.83%, 35.69% and 58.62% of the food poisoning events respectively. The case fatality rate （1.05 % ） was significantly higher than the average fatality rate （0.62 % ）（P〈 0.05）. The organic phosphorus （39.53 % ） and rodenticide tetramine （37.98 % ） were the 2 leading toxic chemicals. The occurrence poisoning locations were primarily in peasant families （51.94 % ）, followed by the collective cafeteria （31.01% ） ; both mistake eating （58.14 % ） and murdering poisoning （32.56 % ） were the leading causes of chemical food poisoning. The incidence in rural areas （83.72%） was much higher than in urban areas. The occurrence was dropped significantly during the period of 2003- 2006. Conclusions To strengthen supervision and regulation of violently poisonous chemicals and enhance the concept of moral and law, hygienic consciousness and the ability of oneself- protection would further reduce the event of chemical food poisoning effectively.