西北地区不同等级沙尘暴的空间变化与防治

Spatial Distribution and Preventive Measures of Different Grade Sandstorms in Northwest China

通过资料分析,揭示了西北地区不同等级沙尘暴的分布范围与物质组成的空间变化及发生动力。研究表明,西北特强沙尘暴活动范围从荒漠源区一直到东南沿海及港澳地区,强沙尘暴活动范围包括荒漠源区到我国东部的河南郑州、开封、许昌以及山东菏泽等地,中等沙尘暴分布在荒漠源区到甘肃兰州等地,弱沙尘暴分布范围小,以点状分布为主;不同等级沙尘暴的物质浓度和组成不同;产生不同等级沙尘暴的动力不同;给黄土高原带来大量粉尘物质和造成严重灾害的主要是强和特强沙尘暴;对西北地区不同等级沙尘暴灾害的防治应采取分级防治和分区防治相结合的措施。

Through the analysis of the materials, the paper discussed the distribution range and spatial variation of material composition and the dynamics of the sandstorms of the different grades in northwest China. The research indicates that the activity scope of the strongest sandstorm in northwest China ranges from desert regions to southeast coastal regions and Hong Kang and Macao. The activity scope of the strong sandstorms in northwest China include desert regions, eastern regions in northwest China and northern regions in Huabei, China. It also could arrive such the farthest regions as Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Xuchang in Henan and Heze in Shandong. The activity scope of the moderate sandstorms in northwest China roughly distribute in desert source areas and Lanzhou of Gansu. Weak sandstorms show dotted distribution. The material concentration and composition of sandstorms of different grades are different. The dynamics of sandstorms of different grades is also different. It is strong and very strong sandstorms that bring much sand and dust to the loess plateau. The preventive measures should be different for disasters of different grade sandstorms and sandstorms in different regions in northwest China.