广州市2005年中小学生贫血状况分析

Analysis on the Rate of Anemia of Primary and Secondary School Students in Guangzhou in 2005

目的分析广州市中小学生缺铁性贫血现况,以掌握缺铁性贫血的防治重点。方法分析2005年广州市学生体质健康调查研究资料,对象为7、9、12、14、17岁人群。采用WHO的方法和标准筛查贫血;同时收集调查对象的身高和体重等资料。结果广州市中小学生贫血患病率为9.47%,其中边缘性贫血占65.64%;女生贫血患病率为11.00%,高于男生的7.93%(!2=6.6,P<0.05);乡村学生贫血患病率为13.86%,远高于城区学生的5.08%(!2=53.8,P<0.001);不同年龄组、不同体格状况学生的患病率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应科学安排学生膳食,增加铁的摄入;重点防治乡村学生和青春发育期城区女生的贫血;应通过学校健康教育,增加学生营养知识。

Objective To analyze the rate of anemia of primary and secondary school students in Guangzbou and to understand the key population for anemia prevention. Method The prevalence of anemia in primary and secondary school students was studied by using the WHO screening standard method. Result Anemia prevalence among primary and secondary school students was 9.47%. The ratios of marginal anemia is 65.64%. Anemia prevalence among female students was 11.00%, which was higher than 7.93% of male students（Х^2=6.6,P 〈 0.05）. Anemia prevalence among rural students was 13.86%, which was much higher than 5.08% of urban students （Х^2= 53.8 ,P 〈 0.001 ）. No significant difference was found for the rate of anemia of students in different age group or with different body stature （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion According to the anemia prevalence situation, three preventive measures are suggested： increasing the iron storage of the students by scientificformulation of the diet, paying more attention to the rural students and the urban girls who are in their adolescence as the key target population, and improving the knowledge of anemia-prevention as part of the school nutrition education.