广州市公共汽车空调车厢内空气污染与防治对策

The Air Pollution and Its Prevention in Air-Conditioned Bus in Guangzhou City

目的了解不同监测时段、不同监测路段、不同监测区域的空调公共汽车内空气污染状况,为制定相应的防治对策提供依据。方法选择不同监测时段、不同监测路段、不同监测区域的空调公共汽车,在开启空调通风系统及车内乘客人数接近的条件下分别测定车厢空气中CO、可吸入颗粒物、NO_2的浓度。结果空调公共汽车内空气中CO及可吸入颗粒物浓度在不同监测时段、不同监测路段、不同监测区域差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),高峰期、繁忙路段、市区车内空气中CO及可吸入颗粒物平均浓度均显著高于非高峰期、非繁忙路段和郊区,其中CO及可吸入颗粒物的最高浓度分别超出我国《室内空气质量标准》GB/T18883-2002最高容许浓度的2.5倍和3.8倍。NO_2的平均浓度均低于国家标准规定的最高容许浓度。结论汽车尾气等因素可造成空调公交车车厢内空气污染,应给予广泛关注并加强控制。

Objective To investigate the air pollution in bus compartment with air conditioning at different time, different road and different district and to offer some suggestions for making relevant prevention strategy. Method Buses were chosen at different time, different road and different district for the t of the concentration of CO, IP and NO2 in bus compartment on condition that the air conditioning was working and the number of passengers were similar. Result Both the concentrations of CO and IP in bus compartment at different time, different road and different district showed statistical significant differences （P 〈 0.05）. The average concentration of CO and IP in bus compartment in traiffic peak hour, busy road and urban areas were notably higher than those in traificnon-peak hour, quiet roads and suburb areas. The concentration of CO and IP seriously exceeded the standard and the maximum concentration of CO and IP were 2.5 times and 3.8 times respectively higher than the maximum acceptable concentration which was set in GB/T18883-2002 Indoor Air Quality Standard. But the concentration of NO2 was lower than the maximum acceptable concentration. Conclusion The exhaust air of vehicle causes serious air pollution in bus compartment with air conditioning. It should be paid more attention and be strengthened control measures.