子夏之“小人儒”探析

Research on Zixia's Mean Confucianism

子夏的"小人儒"倾向,应追溯到晋国的文化传统。周初统治者对封于晋的夏遗民"怀姓九宗"实行"启以夏政,疆以戎索"的政策,是子夏"小人儒"产生的历史根源。"小人儒"以文明的形式出现,其"重利轻义"、"同于一人"与"爱无差等"的行为方式特点却与"戎夏"传统一脉相承,同孔子之道背离,从而具有野蛮的特点。而前期法家继承的则是"重利轻义"、"同于一人"和重刑主义的戎夏传统。因而,他们与小人儒在行为方式特点上极其相似。

Zixia＇s Mean Confucianism can be traced back to the cultural tradition of Jin state. The governor of Zhou had adopted the political system of the Xia governance and the land system of Rong for Xia＇s People in Jin. This is the historical origin of Zixia＇s Mean Confucianism. Mean Confucianism came into being in civilized mold, but its characters of “utilitarianism”, “Obeying to the leader” and “Loving everyone e-qually” were same to Rongxia＇s tradition, and opposite to Confucians. So it has savage character. But in the early stage legalists inherited Rongxia＇s tradition of “Obeying to the leader”, “utilitarianism” and “heavy punishment doctrine”, therefore they are very similar to Mean Confucianism in the behavior characters.