北京城市社会的民间水治

Non-governmental Water Administration in the Urban Society of Beijing History

从北京明清史料考察北京城市用水民俗,大体有三个特点:一是北京历史上的国家水治和城市社会的历史发展,对城市用水民俗产生了重要影响;二是城市民间水治依附于宗教性的公共管理,这使城市水治所崇拜的主要神祇,如龙王、关公和土地神等,有时也成为北京传统行业的公共信仰神灵;三是国家资本、中小行业资本与小农结合的投资用水模式,适应了城市社会和外来流动人口生存的多样化需求。

According to the local literature of Ming and Qing Dynasties, the urban water use custom in Beijing history has three characters. First, the governmental water management and the urban society development have had an essential impact on the water use custom. Secondly, the urban water administration custom is affiliated to the public management with religious beliefs, and to the main gods people worshiped in the urban water use custom, such as Dragon King, Guan Yu （one of three non--genetic brothers in late Han Dynasty）, and Tudi god （earth god： local god of the land） and others, which were the popular gods of Beijing＇ s traditional professions sometimes. Thirdly, the water use model was a combination of the governmental capitals, middle--and--small industry capitals, and individual farmers. Such a way of water use man- agement could satisfy the diversified demands of the urban society and the non--native mobiles.