关于就业、收入分配、社会保障制度改革中公平与效率问题的思考

Theoretical Thinking about Equity and Efficiency of Employment,Income Distribution and Social Security Reform

文章从公平与效率的关系这样一个视角,对就业和社会保障领域的一些现实问题进行了分析。文章认为,在关注解决就业歧视问题的同时,要更加关注就业权利的实现,更加注重就业岗位的创造;在处理好初次分配中公平与效率关系的基础上,再分配要更加注重公平;在逐步解决制度覆盖范围内不合理的待遇差距问题的同时,要更加关注制度缺失带来的相当一部分人群无法享受社会保障问题,建立覆盖城乡全体居民的社会保障体系;在建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系过程中,要高度关注制度设计的合理性和有效性问题,既要注重保护劳动者合法权益,又要注意保持人力资源市场的活力。

This article conducts a theoretical analysis on some issues in the field of labour and social security in the perspective of the relationship between equity and efficiency.It argues that more attention should be paid to safeguarding employment rights and creating job opportunities when reducing employment discrimination;more emphasis should be put on equity in redistribution,on the basis of proper balance between equity and efficiency in primary distribution;the social security system should be expanded to cover all residents in the urban and rural areas so as to include people who are out of the existing social security system due to the lack of arrangements in the system when gradually reducing the irrational benefits disparity among different groups of people covered by the existing system;in the process of establishing a social security system covering residents both in the urban and rural areas,attention should be paid to the rationality and effectiveness of the system,balancing the legitimate rights and interests of the workers and the mobility and flexibility in the human resources market.