技术创新、组织变迁与职业教育发展

Technological Innovation,Organization Transformation and Vocational Education Development

职业教育的形态、培养模式与规格，随着企业存在形态、组织形式、技术水平及人才素质要求而变化。手工业时代，以工场制生产为特征，学徒制即可满足定制生产需要，又有利于技能的代际传承；大工业时代，以福特制生产为特征，职业分工专门化、标准化，学校职业教育不断完善；20世纪70年代以来，以精益生产为特征，“弹性专精”化生产要求职业教育培养的人才应针对某一职业群，具有较宽的专业基础．同时具备创业、解决问题、沟通协作和自我管理能力。

The modality, cultivation model and standard of vocational education are changing along with the requirement of talents demanded by existence modality of enterprise, organization mode and technological level. The handicraft industry age is characterized by workshop system production, and apprenticeship can satisfy the demand of customized production as well as conduce to inherit skills from one generation to the next; big industry age is characterized by Fordism production, the professional division is more specialized and standardized, and school vocational education is gradually optimized; since 19.70s, elaborate production has become the main characteristics, the production of flexibility plus specialization require that the talents cultivated by vocational education should aim at a certain professional group, have broader specialty basis and the abilities of entrepreneurship, solving problems, communication, collabora- tion and self-management.