从欧罗巴带回的一支芦笛——略论艾青与荷马式漫长的象喻

The Reed Brought Back From Europe——Analysis on Ai Qing and the Homeric Lengthy Metaphor

荷马式漫长的象喻是欧洲文学中一种较为常见的修辞手法。从荷马史诗到欧美象征主义诗歌,这一传统薪火相继。检视我国现代诗人艾青诗作,可以发现大量这种荷马式漫长的象喻,且运用自如。艾青对荷马漫长的象喻的借鉴和移植有一个中间环节,即欧美象征主义诗歌。可以说艾青是在对欧美象征主义诗艺学习借鉴时不期而遇荷马式漫长的象喻。他的比喻远眺了荷马史诗的单纯明净,同时又借鉴了象征主义诗艺的象征、暗示、隐喻的特征,既清新明朗又含蓄深邃,并据此获得了具体可感的民族气质和清晰可见的民族风格。

Homeric lengthy metaphor is a comparatively commonly used Rhetorical Devices in European Literature, which was evidenced by tracing back from Homeric epic to the Euramerican Poems of Symbolism. Chinese modem Poet, Ai Qing can exert Homeric metaphor very smoothly. A large quantity of Homeric metaphor can be witnessed in his poems. There is an intermediate approach when he transplanted Homeric metaphor for reference. It is European poems of Symbolism. We may speak that Ai Qing met Homeric metaphor by chance when he studied the art of Eurameriean Symbolism poems and then tried to use it for reference. His figures of speech married the pureness and brightness of Homeric epic with the characteristics of symbol, implication and metaphor of the symbolism poems. So, his poems are dean, bright and implicative, profound as well. It also acquired the concrete and tangible ethnic taste and dear-to-see ethnic style.