美国公立大学录取政策变革:百分比计划

Percent Plans for American Public College Admissions

20世纪90年代后,随着美国一些州和高等教育机构对新生录取时实施平权法案问题争论的展开,德克萨斯州、加里福尼亚州和佛罗里达州出台并施行了百分比计划。这一录取政策为什么被提出?主要内涵是什么?产生了怎样的影响?其中蕴含哪些启示?本文先在评述"百分比计划"的背景与内容的基础上,分析了其效应和可引以为鉴的经验。

Over the past few decades, many states and postsecondary institutions have been struggling over the issue of affirmative action in America. In the wake of the abandonment of race-conscious affirmative action policies, percent plans for college admissions were adopted by three of the largest and most diverse states in the United States of America： Texas, California and Florida. Why has percent plans been issued？ What happens to colleges after enforcing percent plans？ What is the impact of per- cent plans？ What are the implications of these cases？ This study firstly presents the background and contents of percent plans, then analyses their effects and experiences.