南水北调东线工程对长江口渔业资源的影响

A PRELIMINARY PREDICTION ON THE EFFECTS OF THE EASTERN ROUTE OF WATER TRANSFERRING PROJECT FROM YANGTZE RIVER ON FISHERIES RESOURCES IN YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY

工程在５～４月份调水，对长江口鱼、虾、蟹类影响极小。在１１～４月份调水，对长江鱼、虾蟹类略有影响，海水鱼类的数量将有所增加，淡水鱼类和半咸水鱼类的分布范围将向口内扩展，刀鲚、前颌间银鱼和凤鲚向长江口作生殖洄游的时间将有所推迟，安氏长臂虾、脊尾长臂虾的分布和中华绒鳌蟹的产卵场将向口内偏移。调水鲥和中华鲟等珍稀鱼类的影响不明显。另外，粗略估算工程调水将使长江口渔业资源的潜力损失约２％。

Water transfer will bring little effects on fishes, shrimps and crabs in Yangtze River estuary between May and October, but slight effects will occur between November and April. 1. Marine fishes will increase; 2. Distribution range of fresh water and brackish water fishes will extend; 3. Breeding migration of Colia ectence Jord an et Seale Coilia mystus (Linnaeus) and Hemisalanx prognthus Reg an will be later than before; 4. The distribution of Palaemon (Exopalaemon) annand alei (Kemp), Palaemon (Exopalaemon) carinicaud a Holthuis and the spawning ground of Eriocheir sinrasis H.Milue-Edwards will move up slightly from Yangtze River estuary. Besides, it is roughly estimated that water transfer will decrease the fisheries resources potential in Yangtze River estuary by about two percent.