五指山小型猪动脉粥样硬化模型的病理学研究

The Pathological Observation on Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis In Wuzhishan Minipigs

目的观察小型猪动脉粥样硬化模型动脉病变的形态特点、分布规律和发展过程，为小型猪动脉粥样硬化模型的应用提供基础资料。方法3～4月龄五指山小型猪30头，随机分为3组，对照组6头，喂基础饲料，实验组分别饲喂含1、5％胆固醇的高脂饲料（T1组，12头）和含3．0％胆固醇的高脂饲料（他组，12头），在实验后4、6、8和12个月，T1和他组分别处死动物3头，对照组分别在实验后6个月和12个月各处死3头，对动物的心血管系统和主要脏器做病理学检查。结果实验后4个月，实验组动物均出现明显的早期动脉粥样硬化病变，至6个月和8个月，动脉病变逐渐加重，在实验后12个月，于动物的大、中血管观察到广泛的动脉病变。动脉病变易发且严重的部位为腹主动脉、髂动脉和冠状动脉，动脉病变少见且较轻的部位为颈总动脉、肠系膜总动脉和肾动脉。动脉病变大体分为3种类型，分别为以胸主动脉为代表的脂纹性病变，以腹主动脉为代表的纤维斑块病变和以冠状动脉为代表的中小动脉病变。动脉病变的发展过程在不同血管和不同部位也有差别，动脉病变的出现时间和严重程度动物个体之间差别较大，T1组和他组差别不十分显著，以他组略重。结论小型猪动脉粥样硬化病变与人类十分相似，但是不同部位的血管病变类型和发展过程有所不同，应根据实验需要选择观察血管和实验周期。

Objective To observe the morphological features of atherosclerotic lesions and its distribution and progression of induced atherosclerosis in Wuzhishan minipigs. Methods 30 Wuzhishan minipigs were divided into 3 groups, one group of 6 animals was set as control, the other two groups of 12 animals each were set as test groups with 1.5% cholesterol, high-fat diet （group T1） and 3.0% cholesterol, high-fat diet （group rI＇2） respectively. At 4, 6, 8 and 12 month after high-cholesterol, high-fat diet feeding, each test group had 3 swine undergoing a complete necropsy to characterize the atherosclerosis both by gross and microscopic examination. The control swine were necropsied at 6 and 12 month with 3 animals each time. Results The high-cholesterol, high-fat feeding led to the development of an accelerated atherosclerosis. The atherosclerotic lesions had developed at thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, iliac, and coronary arteries after feeding inducing diet 4 months, and the atherosclerotic lesions developed further during 6 and 8 months. At 12 months after inducing diet feeding, atherosclerotic lesions were observed in entire arterial tree. The abdominal aorta, iliac, and coronary arteries were the region most severely involved by fibrosis and intimal thickening. The carotid, mesenteric and kidney arteries were slightly involved＇ area and free of atherosclerosis at early period. The atherosclerotic lesions can be divided into 3 kinds primarily, which was fatty streaks was representative by thoracic aorta, fibrous or complicated plaque was representative by abdominal aorta, and fibrofatty plaque was representative by coronary artery respectively. The morphological features of initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions varied in different arteries and different regions. The period of atherosclerosis initiation and progression also varied among the testing animals. Conclusion The pathological features of induced atherosclerosis in minipigs were closely similar to that of patients, and some specialties existed in minipigs, the inducing period and arteries needed to be selected according to the research purposes when making use of inducing atherosclerosis in minipigs.