土壤种子库研究进展

Review and Prospect on Soil Seed Bank Research

土壤种子库是指地表植被种子成熟后落在土壤中并未萌发,但仍具有活性的休眠种子的总量。在不同植被类型中,土壤种子库具有不同的种子密度大小和不同的垂直与水平结构,并随季节与年份产生变化,有一定的动态特征。土壤种子库与地表植被结构和演替有着密切关系。除了气候、地表环境与林龄等非生物因素,火灾、外来种入侵等各种天然与人为的干扰因子等对土壤种子库也产生一定影响。未来的研究趋势主要集中在土壤种子库的年际变化、持久性种子库、稀有物种保护与全球变化对其影响等方面。

The soil seed bank was composed of all dormant seeds present in the soil or litter, which still keep their viability without germination. Several conclusions on the characteristics of soil seed bank had been summed up： 1. Most species showed a decrease in the number of seeds with soil depth. 2. Mostly the soil seed banks were dominated by the seeds of annual plants and short-lived species. 3. There were also seasonal and yearly changes in the density and composition of the soil seed bank. 4. Little relevancy had been founded between the composition of soil seed bank and vegetation above ground. 5. The germination, seed rain, dispersal of the seeds and others effecting on the soil seed bank were confined to the climatic factors, such as temperature, humidity and so on. 6. There was a small soil seed bank in alien-invaded vegetation because of the poor competence of the local species compared with the alien species. Appropriate measures should be taken to break the dormancy of seeds in soil in order to carry out the restoration. At present, the attention of the researchers is focused on the yearly change , persistence of the soil seed bank, influence caused by global climate change and the gene protection of the rare species.