坡的短篇小说/道德观、不可靠叙述与《泄密的心》

Poe's Conception of Tale/Morality,Unreliable Narration and "The Tell-Tale Heart"

中外坡研究者普遍认为坡的唯美思想是大一统的文学观。若仔细考察坡的文论则会发现,坡的唯美主义实际上是一种体裁观,诗歌是唯美的文类,而小说则不然。以坡对诗歌和短篇小说在主题方面的区分为铺垫,本文通过对《泄密的心》及相关作品的分析揭示了如下问题:(1)不可靠叙述与道德教训在《泄密的心》中的关联;(2)研究不可靠叙述的"认知派"有一个盲区,未关注将特定批评方法往作品上硬套的现象,需加以补充;(3)坡的不同作品"隐含"不同的道德立场,或遵循或违背社会道德规范;(4)在后一种情况下,需要从根本上修正"修辞派"衡量不可靠叙述的标准;(5)若要较好地把握作品的道德立场,需要综合考虑文内、文外、文间的因素,对作品进行"整体细读"。

Many scholars hold the view that Poe＇s aestheticism concerns literature in general, but a careful examination of Poe＇s relevant essays will reveal that Poe differentiates between poetry and short tales in subject matter and his aestheticism is confined to the former genre. Based on a discussion of Poe＇s non- aestheticist conception of the tale and a detailed analysis of ＂The Tell-Tale Heart＂ and related texts, the present study shows： （1） the correlation between unreliable narration and moral lesson in ＂The Tell-Tale Heart＂ ; （2） there is a neglected area in the investigation of the cognitive approach to unreliability, which calls for critical attention; （3） Poe＇s different texts imply different moral stances, either conforming to or deviating from social moral standards; （4） when the implied author＇s moral stance is found problematic, there is a need to modify the rhetorical approach＇s yardstick of the narrator＇s unreliability; （5） ＂overall close-reading＂, which combines careful textual analysis with extratextual and intertextual considerations, will help to better interpret the moral stance of a text.