浅析票据抗辩事由的有效性

On the Effectiveness of Counterpleas in Negotiable Instruments

票据抗辩制度是从保护票据安全出发进行考虑的,从静态安全出发规定成立抗辩事由就得以抗辩;从动态安全出发对票据抗辩进行限制,以保护票据权利人的票据权利。票据抗辩事由的有效性是抗辩成功的关键,只有具备有效的抗辩事由,才具有抗辩的效力。有效的抗辩事由包括:对抗不特定债权人的法定事由、对抗特定债权人的法定事由、对抗特定债权人的约定事由、票据抗辩限制中对人抗辩事由因持票人的恶意而重新变为有效性抗辩事由。

The system of counterplea in negotiable instruments is for the safety of negotiable instruments, provides that reasons of counterplea exist in the view of motionless safety, the counterplea could be made. From the view of motion safety, limitations should be laid for the counterplea. The key factor for a successful counterplea is the effectiveness of the reason of the counterplea. Effective reasons include ： legal reasons against common creditors, legal reasons against specific creditors, agreed reasons against specific creditors ; and the limitations on counterpleas in negotiable instruments renewing to be an effective reason because of the holders bad faith.