黄土高原坡面集水工程的抗旱造林技术研究

Study on Anti-arid Afforestation Technology Based on Slope Catchment Project in Loess Plateau

选取4种不同的坡面集水处理(有机硅、拍光、地衣和草坡)措施,探讨抗旱造林的坡面集水技术对降雨集水量、集水率的影响,以及坡面集水处理对林木生长的影响,旨在为黄土高原地区生态建设提供基础理论依据和具体的抗旱节水造林方案。结果显示,集水量和集水率最大的是有机硅处理面,而后依次是水泥处理面、地衣处理面、拍光处理面和荒草面,从生态角度考虑,地衣处理面最佳。拍光面和地衣面促进林木生长的效果远大于普通面、地衣面促进林木生长的作用大于拍光面的作用。选取6种造林密度条件下刺槐林地的水分利用效率、降水生产效率、蒸散水分生产效率和蒸腾水分生产效率进行对比分析,结果为随着刺槐造林密度的降低,其4种效率均得以提高。

This paper selected 4 different slope catchment measures （organic silicon, bare and smooth, lichen and grass slope）, and discussed the effect of slope catchment project on catchment rainfall amount and catchment rainfall efficiency,and on stand growth either. This paper aimed at offering the basic theoretic foundation for the Loess Plateau ecological construction and drought resistant and water saving forestation scheme. The results show that： the maximum of catchment rainfall amount and catchment rainfall efficiency is organic silicon surface,next order is concret surface,lichen surface,bare and smooth surface and grass slope surface;but,on the considering of ecological, bare and smooth surface is the best; bare and smooth surface and lichensurface can accelerate the forest growth than that of the common surface, and the lichen surface have more effect than the bare and smooth surface. This paper chose 4 efficiencies of Robinia pseudoacacia under 6 stand density including water use efficiency,rainfall production efficiency,evapotranspiration water production efficiency and transpiration water production efficiency. With the decreasing of stand density of Robinia pseudoacacia ,all the four efficiencies have been improved.