高速公路植物措施保土效益初探--以云南省安宁至楚雄段为例

Benefit of Soil Conservation Plant Measures of the Highway——Taking Highway from Anning to Chuxiong,Yunnan

以云南省安宁至楚雄段高速公路为对象,初步研究该段公路边坡和弃土场的水土流失现状和植物防治措施种类及其布局。结果表明在公路边坡宜采用草灌混播方式,弃土场则在削坡开级和修建挡渣墙的前提下,种植坡柳或迎春花。通过在典型地段采用综合调查获取的数据分析研究,植物盖度在70%以上的公路边坡,基本上无鳞片状面蚀发生。在弃土场,由于坡面与堆渣体植被退化严重,发生不同程度的面蚀与沟蚀。经现场量测,其土壤侵蚀量为8 090.4 t/km2(3 a时间),土壤侵蚀模数为2 696.8 t/(km2.a)。高速公路两侧采取植物措施后既可防治水土流失,又可美化道路环境,保障行车安全。

Based on Yunnan Anchu highway,the situation of the soil and water loss in the highway＇s slope and spoil disposal area was analyzed, also the kinds and the layout of the soil conservation measures were studied. The results showed that it was better to adopt herbage and ligneous plant inseminated in the highway＇s slope,and in spoil disposal area the main protection measure is planting Dononaea viscose or Jasminum nudiflorum, based on terrace, drainages and slag dam. Using the data of complete survey located in the typical area,in the highway＇s slope,the plant degree of coverage is all above 70 percent,without lepidosome erosion basically;in the spoil disposal area, because of the serious degradation of highway＇s slope and slag, there has come into being slope erosion and gully erosion,the soil and water loss is serious. With the measures in locale,the erosion amount is 8 090.4 t/km^2 （in three years） ,therefore the average erosion module is 2 696.8 t/（km^2·a）. Adopting plant measures in the highway＇s slope does not only prevent soil and water loss but also beautify road environment and ensure driving safely.