在婚有子女育龄妇女的避孕选择

Contraception Choices for Married Reproducing Women with Children

利用2001年全国计划生育/生殖健康调查结果,计算具有不同特征的育龄妇女,在生育的不同时期其避孕方法的现用率,描述性分析并比较它们的差别。分析发现:研究对象中90.4%的育龄妇采取了避孕措施,但避孕方法的选择较局限,避孕方式仍保持"一环二扎"的模式,药物和避孕套的使用率较低。不同背景的育龄妇女使用的避孕方法中,居民组育龄妇女更多地使用可恢复性的避孕措施,村民组的育龄妇女则以女性绝育为主,其次是宫内节育器。文化程度偏低的妇女,避孕方法的选择较局限;文化水平高的育龄妇女对避孕的选择呈现多样性,"一环"使用率下降,其他可逆性方法使用率上升。年龄小婚龄短的育龄妇女,可逆性避孕方法的使用率高;30岁以下育龄妇女生育2孩以后,自控可逆性的避孕措施使用率明显上升。年龄大婚龄长育龄长的育龄妇女避孕以绝育为主。有性别偏好的育龄妇女对避孕的选择明显不同,只生育过男孩和只生育过女孩的育龄妇女,2孩时可逆性避孕方法的现用率分别为15.6%和27.5%。只生育了女孩的育龄妇女可能仍有再生育需求。由管理人员推荐的避孕模式是最具代表性的"一环二扎"。育龄妇女自己作主选择避孕方法,表现为可逆性避孕方法使用率的上升。

This article, based on the 2001 National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Survey, analyzes the current use rate of contraception of women with different backgrounds in different fertility periods. The analysis showed that 90.4% of the women took contraceptive measures, however, the contraceptive pattern remained ＂IUD after first birth and sterilization after second＂ and the use rates of oral pills and condoms were extremely low. Most women in urban communities used reversible methods while most rural women used female sterilization and IUD. Women with low educational levels tended to have limited choice of contraceptive methods while those with high educational levels had more choices, with fewer using IUD after first birth and more using other reversible methods. Newly married and young women were more likely to use reversible methods, Women under the age of 30 who had already had two children to use self-controlled reversible methods, while older women who had been married for years tended to use female sterilization, fe gender pre rence also had an impact on women＇s choice of contraceptive methods. For example, the current use rate of reversible methods after the second birth was 15.6%for those who had only sons and 27.5% fofor those who had only daughters.Women with only female children might have a desire for more children. Compared to the pattern of ＂IUD after first birth and sterilization after second＂ recommended by workers, more women tended to choose reversible methods if given a choice.