地下中深孔大规模爆破的研究与实践

Research and Practice of Large-scale Underground Blasting

柿竹园多金属矿床累积300万m3采空区一直未能进行处理,给矿山持续发展带来严重威胁。在长沙矿山研究院的全力支持下,采用地下大规模爆破方法回采矿柱以及处理采空区,在1 a时间内,先后成功实施了"亚洲地下中深孔第一爆"和"世界地下中深孔第一爆,"2次共完成了493.3 t炸药的爆破,解决了大空区上部放顶的关键凿岩工艺技术难题,首创多向组合微差控制技术,实现了大范围、大孔量雷管的合理布置与立体分区综合控制爆破,形成了卸压天窗、消除了矿区西北角采空区的安全隐患,同时回采富矿145万t,为后续的矿柱回采与采空区处理提供了基础支撑技术,创造了安全条件,经济效益和社会效益非常显著。

The cumulative volume of mined -out area has been up to 3 ×106 m^3 , which is not treated and causes serious threat- en to the sustained development of the mine in Shizhuyuan multi -metal mine. Under the full support of Changsha Institute of Mining Researeh, the mine has adopted large -scale underground blasting to excavat ore pillar and treat mined - out area. In a year,＂ the underground medium - length hole blasting with the maximum explosive charge in Asia＂ and＂ the underground medium - length hole blasting with the maximum explosive charge in world＂ were successfully carried out one after the other in this mine, the total explosive charge of the two times blasting was up to 493.3 t. The most crucial technical difficulty of drilling for the top caving of mined - out area was solved. A combined multi - directional millisecond delay controlled blasting technique was invented, the rational arrangement of detonators for a number of boreholes in a wide range and stereo - zoning syn- thetically - controlled blasting were realized, a ＂ top windows＂ for stress - relaxation was formed, and the hidden Perils caused by mined - out area in the northwestward of the mining area were removed. Meanwhile,the excavated rich ore was up to 1.45 × 106 t. This provides basic support technology and safe condition for excavating ore pillar and treating mined - out area in the future. The economic and social benefits are remarkable.