氮肥行业煤气化技术经济评述

Techno-Economic Review on Coal Gasification in Nitrogenous Fertilizer Industry

就国内合成氨等生产已使用的各种煤气化工艺进行技术经济评述,以供各企业在进行原料结构调整与技术改造中作参考。特别是对我国于1935年引进的固定床间歇气化工艺经技术改进与研发创新而发展起来的提升型固定床间歇气化以及恩德、灰熔聚、水煤浆和壳牌5种气化工艺从煤种适应范围与对煤质要求、气化形式与工艺条件、气体组分、消耗指标与气化效率、单台设备生产能力、生产运转可靠性与技术成熟性、环境影响进行技术评论和经济分析,得出的结论为:各种煤气化工艺都有其一定的适用煤种与对煤的各项要求;从各方面综合比较并结合中国国情,采用无烟煤为原料的气化工艺应首选提升型固定床间歇气化工艺。根据现代煤气化技术发展趋势的要求(加压与大型化),国内引进和正在开发的加压煤气化技术应尽快实现长周期稳定运行并总结相关经验,以促进我国煤气化技术的不断发展。

A techno-economic review is given on the various coal gasification processes used in the domestic production of ammonia and other chemicals, so as to offer a reference for the producers in their readjustment of feedstock structure and technical renovation. A technical review and economic analysis are made especially of the upgraded fixed-bed intermittent gasification process, which has been improved technically, developed and innovated after its introduction into China in 1935, as well as of the Ende, ash fusion, coal-water slurry, and Shell gasification processes in terms of coal adaptability, coal quality requirement, gasification mode, process conditions, gas composition, consumption figures, gasification efficiency, capacity of a single gasifier, realiability in productive operation, technical maturity and environmental impact. The conclusion derived is that each coal gasification process has its own adaptable kind of coal and requirements of coal, and after a comprehensive comparison in various respects and in line with the domestic conditions, for gasification based on anthracite the upgraded fixed-bed intermittent gasification process should be chosen in the first place. Based on the requirements of the modern thchnical development trend in coal gasification （under pressure and scale up to large size）, it is necessary to realize long-cycle stable operation as soon as possible for the imported and the coal gasification technologies under pressure under development, and relevant experiences should be summed up, so as to promote the continual development of the domestic coal gasification technology.