H9N2亚型禽流感病毒疫苗研究进展

Progress on Vaccine of Avain influenza virus H9N2 Subtype

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在世界范围内广泛存在,给养禽业造成巨大的经济损失,并危害人类健康。流感病毒抗原易发生漂移和转换,使流感病毒的防控变得困难。疫苗接种是防控禽流感最有效的手段之一,全病毒灭活疫苗保护效果好,制备简单,是流感病毒常用的疫苗,但该疫苗局部副反应大,并伴随生物安全问题。随着分子生物学技术的发展,活载体疫苗、核酸疫苗、亚单位疫苗等新型疫苗的开发,给H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的防控提供了新的手段。新型疫苗除具有传统疫苗的保护效果外,在生物安全和普遍防控方面具有广泛的优势,是流感病毒疫苗发展的新方向。

H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus circulates in chickens worldwide, it has raised great concerns for its economic importance to poultry industry and potential threat to the public health. The fragmented genome of the influenza A virus is more vulnerable to genetic variations which leads antigenic shift and drift. This phenomenon makes it more difficult to prevent and control. Compare with other measures, vaccination remains the most effective approach to prevent this disease. Traditional inactivated vaccines, which is commonly used in hunman and poultry, can provide specific humoral immunity, but have side effects and biosafety problems. With the great development of the molecular biology technology, new vaccines,suchas recombinant live vector vaccine, DNA vaccine,subunit vaccine and so on, were developed to prevent this diseases. Due to their safety and efficacy, they are the new trands of influenza vaccines.